Essay – Big Fish

Big Fish M Krause 02/27/13 Production: Columbia Pictures, 2003 Producer: Bruce Cohen/Dan Jinks Director: Tim Burton Screenplay: Daniel Wallace (novel), John August (screenplay) Cinematography: Philippe Rousselot Editing: Chris Lebenzon Music: Danny Elfman Principal Characters: Ewan McGregor Ed Bloom (Young) Albert FinneyEd Bloom (Senior) Billy CrudupWill Bloom Jessica Lange Sandra Bloom (Senior) Helena Bonham CarterJenny (Young)/Jenny (Senior)/The Witch Alison LohmanSandra Bloom (Young) Robert GuillaumeDr. Bennett (Senior) Marion CotillardJosephine Bloom Matthew McGregoryKarl the Giant David DenmanDon Price (Age 18-22) Missi Pyle MildredLoudon Wainwright IIIBeaman Typical of Tim Burton films, Big Fish is full of interesting elements of fantasy, exaggerated reality, and other time periods or worlds. Most interesting is how Tim Burton seems to always use such separate elements and weave them into films with great continuity, the same is true for Big Fish. Through creative use of narrat ive advancement, period costuming, and two complete casts of characters (one playing the younger versions and one playing the older versions of people) Burton is able to tell the story of Ed Bloom and his crazy life which is chock full of tall tales and interesting people he met along the way.While there was no shortage of bright colors and oddball characters typical of Burton-esque mise en scene (Danny Devito as a werewolf for example), there was more of a story to Big Fish than found in other films by this director. In an article from 2004 critiquing what was at the time the newest in the Tim Burton library of films, author Beth Deters stated â€Å"With Big Fish, curiously enough, the opposite holds true — story prevails over images. The narrative proves far richer than the visual style that depicts it. † (Beth Deters, Worldpress).Honestly, viewing the film twice might not be enough to understand every element and catch every thread of symbolism in this film, the goo d thing is that Big Fish is entertaining enough to watch multiple times, especially if you are a fan of Tim Burton. The screenplay is effective even with all of the jumping around from present day to the past and is only enhanced by spectacular editing and symbolism. Even with the fantasy elements and symbolism intertwined, the story has a great relaxed flow to it, one reviewer stated â€Å"Since this is a film about tall tales, the structure is quite different from Burton’s other work.You never know when or where the story is going to go next, which is part of the film’s charm. †(Arran McDermott, www. timburtoncollective. com) The main protagonist of the film is of course Edward Bloom. He is, in a way, constantly trying to entertain everyone around him with his tall tales and means no harm to anyone in doing so, however through his storytelling, he unintentionally drives a wedge between himself and his son. Edward is also by far the roundest character of the fi lm.Even though his whole life, it seems Edward Bloom has done many acts of kindness for strangers and friends alike, his own son cannot appreciate him the way he should. Throughout this film, we see much character development for young and old Edward Bloom – from a young man who becomes the hero of his town to a family man and finally to his deathbed and beyond. We understand his view of the world through watching his struggles and experiences along the way. Edward Bloom literally is Big Fish. There is no real defined antagonist in Big Fish, however, society/expectations/external forces could all be antagonists in this film.For example, after Sandra and Edward finally get together as a couple, Edward is shipped off to the war and has to fight his way back to his love along with the help of two very colorful, Asian Siamese twins all the while Sandra thinking he is dead. He needs to overcome that obstacle to make it back to Sandra and continue along in his life. Even before tha t after he sees Sandra for the first time, Edward is forced go to work for Amos Calloway in the circus in order to even find out more about his love and how to contact her, this is another antagonist in his way. The foil in this movie is Edward Bloom’s son Will.He is judgmental against his father, yet in the end turns out to be the most like him in the whole movie. Throughout much of the film, Will dislikes and purposely doesn’t tell stories in a rebellious act toward his father (it seems). Even Edward himself says to Will’s wife that it was good that Will had never shared with her the story of how he met Will’s mother because â€Å"He would have told it wrong anyway, all of the facts and none of the flavor†(Edward Bloom, film). Will’s dry, serious character provides a stark contrast to Edwards colorful one and his fantastical stories.The most telling fact about these two is that Will turns out to be a writer, albeit at first a reporter, but a writer nonetheless. This is also the underlying principal conflict in the film, father vs. son, fantasy vs. reality and it is only resolved by the character of Will doing some digging about the stories to understand his father better and discovering the threads of reality interwoven into the fantasy stories he has been told since he was a child. He never appreciated his father until he was almost gone and by the time he realizes his mistake it is almost too late.To the contrary, an example of a confidant and a fairly static character (besides becoming pregnant in the course of the movie) is Josephine Bloom. She, unlike her husband, enjoys the stories that Edward tells and believes there is more truth to them than her husband is giving them credit for. The town of Spectre is an example of foreshadowing in the film Big Fish. When Bloom first comes across Spectre, it is a town which is almost ethereal (read Heaven-like), there are no roads just soft grass and no one wears shoes. It is then described that he arrived at this town â€Å"too early†.The next time we see Spectre, it has become gloomy and dark and is falling apart. Edward takes it upon himself to buy up the town and â€Å"fix it†. The contrast between Spectre’s downfall and Bloom’s bad health represents how one would right themselves religiously to prepare for heaven and foreshadows the idea that Edward passes on by the end of the film. It is also stated in the film that after Edward left Spectre, he never returns and â€Å"the story ends where it began†(Jenny-Senior, film). Additionally, Spectre is described as â€Å"feeling so strange, but so familiar† which is what could be interpreted by the mainstream what Heaven is believed o like. There are two mise en scenes in this movie, there is one in the present day which is typical of any generic film with present day clothing and normal camera tones and backdrops. There is also the mise en scene of the fantasy world which seems to be filmed using a brighter, overexposed film to show the difference. The clothing being worn by the characters in the fantasy world are brighter, the characters themselves are stranger, and the backdrops of a different time period. There is a stark contrast between the two and that plays into part of the story.The two are only tied together in the end during the funeral scene when Karl the giant, the Siamese twins and various other characters from Edwards past come to pay their respects. One scene in particular has a great deal of symbolism, both implied and spoken, it is also one of the most beautiful of the film. When Josephine and a senior Edward are speaking of the first time Edward sees his love, he describes time standing still – in this moment in the film, Edward is at the circus and spots Sandra from across the room. Everything freezes (literally) just as is being described) the scene shows everything stop†¦except Edward Bloom.He then moves t oward his love, even pushing popcorn which is stopped in mid-air and literally walking through (read jumping through) hoops to reach his love. And then just as he is about to reach her, time starts up again and moves even faster (again just as he is describing), and she disappears. The symbolism of Edward stepping through the hula hoop to be interpreted as â€Å"jumping through hoops† is so important and beautiful. The literal interpretation was so amazing and unexpected, the viewer could see literally what falling in love was like.The music is particularly effective in this movie, almost in an expected way. Too much music could have been overpowering, but there was just enough and timed correctly throughout the film. From Buddy Holly in the middle of the film when Edward is going to find his love, to traditional â€Å"end of the movie† music, to the ending credits with Pearl Jam (a soundtrack can’t get more poignant than Pearl Jam). The soundtrack really added another dimension to the film and increased its likeability and made it easier for the viewer to relate.The editing in this movie was spot-on and it had to be with all of the back and forth between two worlds and two sets of characters. The movie seamlessly weaves together both the stories and provide a flowing, continuous story which keeps the viewer entertained from the first scene describing â€Å"The Beast† (film). The pacing has a smooth, even keel to it – Burton somehow manages to keep the viewer at the edge of their seat, sometimes literally leaning forward in anticipation, while still keeping a calm feel throughout the entire film.The pacing of the film literally charms the viewer into accepting the images on the screen. The transitions in this film are especially magical, starting with something reality based and moving to a fantasy element, repeat. Each perfectly timed and taking the viewer back in time tell one of Edwards fantastical stories, one more magica l than the last until the grand finale where the transition isn’t even anticipated because the son takes over the storytelling (Will).Another aspect, the cinematography, is flawless and best described in this quote â€Å"Director Tim Burton uses cinematography to create a believable fantasy world. With bright colors and flawless shots, viewers feel as if they are in a dream. This other worldly feel helps viewers imagine that the events could actually be true. †(www. bookrags. com[->0]) . Big Fish transports the viewer to Edward Bloom’s imagination and makes even the craziest ideas seem tangible such as escaping from the war with Siamese twins or saving a town by befriending a giant.What a fabulous film to view as a final selection. Visually beautiful, emotionally moving, and thought-provoking. Works Cited Big Fish. Tim Burton. Columbia Pictures. 2003. http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Big_Fish http://jordanfogerson. wordpress. com/2012/02/28/tim-burton-narrative-st ructure/ http://yaledailynews. com/weekend/2004/01/16/tim-burton-doesnt-quite-reel-in-a-big-fish/ http://www. bookrags. com/films/bigfish2003/styleandcinematography. html http://www. timburtoncollective. com/bigfish. html http://www. imdb. com/title/tt0319061/? ref_=fn_al_tt_1 [->0] – http://www. bookrags. com

Big Two-Hearted River

What do we know about Ernest Hemingway’s story, â€Å"Big Two-Hearted River,† and what do different reviewers have to say about the story. Many of the reviewers felt that the story links the author, Ernest Hemingway to his main character, Nick Adams when the author uses words, such as â€Å"up† to associate a good mood and â€Å"down† to refer to feelings of depression. One can easily look into the depths of Ernest Hemingway’s writing and discover pieces of his own personality, both good and bad. What can we learn about Ernest Hemingway as we read about the fictional character; Nick Adams?(Gibbs, 1975) Robert Gibbs tells us that â€Å"He made him up. † â€Å"Big, Two-Hearted River† begins with a train dropping off Nick Adams near the wilderness of the Upper Peninsula of Michigan. We can easily visualize Hemingway riding on the train on his way to the Upper Peninsula. What follows, we find is a straightforward narrative of one of his da ys camping alone near the river, thinking about Nick Adams. Must we rationalize that Hemingway, much like Nick Adams, spent many of his own days alone by the river? That is the impression that the story leaves.It is easy to imagine Hemingway sitting by the river in Michigan Why is Nick intrigued by the river, which he uses to provide food for himself and much more? I understood that he finds healing through the river. We are told in the story, â€Å"Big Two-Hearted Riverâ€Å" that â€Å"Much like Hemingway, himself, Nick Adams finds himself continually haunted with frightening flashbacks to his past suffering and grief. As he alludes to in other stories, Nick turns to fishing (especially fishing with grasshoppers) to release his mind from the terrible pressure of his life.As he makes coffee, for instance, he is reminded of his old fishing buddy and oil tycoon, Hopkins, who Hemingway suggests took his own life a few months before, after receiving a disturbing telegram, perhaps ab out his lover. Other disturbing flashbacks in â€Å"Big Two-Hearted River† include a tragic execution scene where the man waiting to be hanged loses control of his bladder. Throughout â€Å"Big Two-Hearted River,† as Nick constructs his tent, fishes in the nearby river and cooks his catch, Hemingway describes his mood in two ways-up and down.If he stands up or climbs up a hill (on his way to build his tent, for example), he is in good spirits; but if he sits down (as he thinks about Hopkins, his friend who committed suicide, for instance) or descends, his mood is falling. Thus Nick’s mood follows his actions-form follows content. We are able to gather much information from this book concerning the story, â€Å"Big Two-Hearted River,† as we learn about Hemingway’s own mood swings, from low extremes, to high. The author is able to display his own feelings in this story and perhaps he was able to obtain therapy from his own writing.With the descriptio n that Ernest Hemingway gives in his book, (Benson, 1975) Benson tells us that, â€Å"He made him up. † Maybe, Benson doesn’t think that there is any association between Hemingway and Nick Adams. Hemingway writes that â€Å"The train went up the track out of sight, around one of the hills of burnt timber. Nick sat down on the bundle of canvas and bedding the baggage man had pitched out of the door of the baggage car. There was no town, nothing but the rails and the burned-over country.The thirteen saloons that had line the one street of Seney had not left a trace. The foundations of the Mansion House hotel stuck up above the ground. The stone was chipped and split by the fire. It was all that was left of the town of Seney. Even the surface had been burned off the ground. † (Hemingway, 1924) Hemingway writes that â€Å"Nick looked at the burned over-stretch of hillside, where he had expected to find the scattered houses of the town and then walked down the railr oad tracks to the bridge over the river. The river was there.It swirled against the log spires of the bridge. Nick looked down the clear, brown water, colored from the pebbly bottom, and watched the trout keeping themselves steady in the current with wavering fins. As he watched them they changed their positions again by quick angles, only to hold steady in the fast water, again. Nick watched them a long time. † We can see the importance of the water, to Ernest Hemingway. He seems to associate water with day dreaming and is able to have flashbacks about a different time in the character’s life and possibly his own.On another very enlightening website, we are told more about the story, by Ernest Hemingway. (Svoboda, 1996) At least part of the subtext of â€Å"Big Two-Hearted River† unfamiliar to present readers but likely to have been known by at least some readers at the time the story was written–and almost certainly known to Hemingway from his years of s ummers in Northern Michigan–involves the history and legends of Seney, a logging town in Michigan’s Upper Peninsula. Hemingway describes the burned-down town, surrounded by blackened timber. †We further ourselves in believing that Ernest Hemingway had personal strings attached to the town of Seney, and are more settled in the belief that Hemingway is speaking from his own experience about his own life. (Baker, 1959) â€Å"The implication is that Nick Adams had sometime earlier seen and had expected to return to an intact Seney, had once counted the thirteen saloons (an ominous number) and had perhaps stayed at the Mansion House Hotel. Now he seems to have returned after a recent fire to what seems more like a fought-over battlefield than a welcoming place of comfort.Civilization has disappeared with the train that has disappeared behind one of the â€Å"hills of burnt timber. † Nick sits. † This implication of earlier experience may well be appropri ate in the context of a piece of fiction in which, as Sheridan Baker first noted, Hemingway transplants a different river’s name to the prosaically named Fox, the actual stream which runs through Seney, eventually to join the Manistique and empty into Lake Michigan. We should not take that implication to represent a biographical truth about Hemingway, of course. Nor should we ignore Hemingway’s skill in creating a fictional world.† The summary tells us to not associate Hemingway’s own past life experiences with Nick Adam’s, but it would be hard not to. Hemingway is so descriptive about the geography of the town of Seney and the Upper Peninsula in Michigan, that it’s almost impossible not to associate Hemingway’s life with Nick Adam’s. (Baker, 1959) Baker says that Nick’s fishing â€Å"becomes something symbolic of larger endeavor†(153) What is the larger endeavor? We are told in Hemingway’s writing that Nick Adams awoke as his tent heated up in the morning. He was excited, but he knew he should have breakfast before he started fishing.He started the fire and put water on for coffee. Then, he went to collect grasshoppers in a jar for bait. He took only medium-sized ones. He went back to his camp and made buckwheat griddle cakes with apple butter. He packed one in his shirt pocket and ate two more. He also made onion sandwiches, which he put in his other pocket. Then, he looked through his fishing equipment. With all of his fishing equipment attached to him, he stepped into the river. The water was very cold. It is clear that Hemingway was on an endeavor to relive the events in his life that hurt him the most.We are able to get a better idea about what Hemingway is trying to express to us, about his own life in his story when he related words, places and times to his own personal life through Nick Adams. (Benson,) tells us that â€Å"In the lengthy passage that was Hemingway’s or iginal ending to â€Å"Big Two-Hearted River,† Nick Adams, having caught â€Å"one good trout† Hemingway was expressing his thoughts in the story â€Å"Big Two-Hearted River† as he clearly associated himself to the main character, Nick Adam’s, and just like Nick Adams, Ernest Hemingway caught â€Å"one good trout† which means that he accomplished one huge success.Svoboda, Frederick J. , 1996, Landscaping Real And Imagined: Big Two-Hearted River, Hemingway Review, University of Michigan, Volume 16, Number 1 Baker, Sheridan, Winter, 1959â€Å"Hemingway’s Two-Hearted River† Michigan Alumnus, Quarterly Review 65, 142-149, Report in Benson, 150-159 Gibb, Robert, 1975, â€Å"He Made Him Up† â€Å"Big Two-Hearted River as Doppleganger† Hemingway notes Report in Reynold’s, p. 254-259 Benson, Jackson J. , 1975, The Short Stories of Ernest Hemingway: Critical Essays, Durham, NC, Duke UP, Hemingway, Ernest, 1924, The Big Hea rted River

Pottery in the Philippines Essay

I. INTRODUCTION Pottery is defined as the art or craft of a potter to manufacture material from which pottery ware is made. It can be made from earthenware, porcelain or stoneware. According to the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM), pottery is defined as all fired ceramic wares that contain clay materials. Pottery uses clay and may sometimes be mixed with other materials to form the clay body. Clay bodies differ in physical stages during the making of pottery. Earthenware, an example, is made of clay produced in a swampy area or in open fields near riverbanks. The process of pottery involves forming or shaping a clay body into your desired shape. It is then heated to high temperatures in a kiln that removes excess water thereby hardening the clay and setting it to a permanent shape. For aesthetic purposes, the clay body may be decorated before or after the firing process. Kneading the clay body is an important step prior to shaping the clay. It ensures an even distribution of moistur e content and removes the air bubbles trapped within the clay body. Pottery is found in almost all archaeological sites. In fact, pottery has provided archaeologists with information about the past, mainly about trade and technology. II. SCOPE AND LIMITATION The focus of this paper will be pottery and its evolution through time. The paper will be limited to Philippine pottery only. III. EMERGENCE OF THE FIRST POTTERY The emergence of pottery in the Philippines indicates the complexity of cultural development during the Neolithic Period. Like the rest of the early people in other parts of the world, the early man and woman in the Philippines were also highly dependent on nature. Nature provided them with the basic necessities needed for survival. In earlier times, vessels such as leaves and tree barks were used in gathering food. Not long after, the early people learned to cook using the vessels. According to Valdes (Pang-alay),  humans discovered the properties of clay and how it hardens when tempered with sand and fire. IV. ANCIENT RITUALS IN POTTERY Before the Spaniards set foot in the Philippines and spread Christianity, the early Filipinos were pagan worshippers. Paganism refers to indigenous religious traditions wherein people worshipped animals and deities. The discovery of pottery led them to fashion effigies called tao-tao by the Visayans and likha or larawan by the Tagalogs. In paganism, they offer special offerings of fruits and perfumes to appease the spirits they worship. It was believed that refusing to offer special presents to the spirits would anger them and bring illness and misfortune. The offerings were placed in earthenware pottery and offered in the fields for the spirits. The early Filipinos also believed in life after death. For this reason, they took special care of the dead and gave â€Å"pabaon† for their journey in the afterlife. The bereaved brought food contained in clay vessels or palayok as offerings (Fox, 1959). The clay pots that were used as ritual vessels were the same pots used in their daily life. As time passed, the designs of the vessels became finer and more intricate. V. GOLDEN AGE OF POTTERY IN THE PHILIPPINES The Golden Age of Philippine pottery was ascertained to be during the period when the use of metals flourished, about 2000 years B.C., but some of the earliest pottery discovered dated further back in the Neolithic Age when the development of horticulture and animal domestication dominated. There is little of Philippine Neolithic pottery left extant as stated by Jesus T. Peralta in his work, â€Å"Pottery and Ceramics Excavated in the Philippines†. Some potteries excavated in sites widely spread in the Philippines indicate original designs and attempts for aesthetic designs in their construction. During this time, pottery was made to suit ones need whether for household or burial needs. VI. POTTERY IN THE METAL AGE The start of the Metal Age marked the development of pottery technology estimated to be between 500 B.C.E. and 900 C.E. Specific typologies of pottery surfaced. Larger pieces of burial jars were said to have appeared during this age. Evidences of pottery with elaborate and intricate designs on their vessels that were prominent during this age were unearthed in Palawan. Apart from Palawan, the same markers were also found in Masbate, known as the Kalanay Complex site. The excavation was lead by Dr. Wilhelm Solheim II in the 1950s where they found earthenware pottery.Evidences of pottery dating back to the Metal Age were found in archaeological sites in Cebu by archaeologists from the University of San Carlos and the National Museum in the summer of 2011. VI. POTTERY AS USED FOR BURIALS Filipinos, in the past and in the present, heavily believe in the afterlife. Giving respect to the dead has been a custom from way back. Since Filipinos in the past believe in â€Å"pabaon†, the ceramic potteries they acquire from trading with other countries like China are buried together with their deceased loved ones. The ceramics were treated as valuables rather that for utilitarian purposes. Burial jars unearthed in the Philippines were dated back to the Neolithic Period. Anthropomorphism had become a dominant design. It is the personification or attribution of human characteristics to inanimate object, in this case, jars or pottery. These jars, made of earthenware, are designed like human figures complete with facial characteristics. The Mannunggul jar, Maitum Anthopomorphic potteries, and Leta-leta potteries from Palawan have greatly contributed to the understanding of burial customs during the early times. VII. INFLUENCE FROM OUTSIDE Evidences of contacts with Mainland and the rest of South East Asia were evident in trade and cultural exchanges. The production of domestic pottery became competitive increasing the pressure on the international market in  the South Seas (Peralta). Pottery trades with China were most evident. Traditional ceramics are composed of clay minerals (i.e. porcelain), as well as cement and glass. Ceramic artifacts have been useful in archaeology for understanding culture, technology and behavior of people in the past since they are among the most common artifacts to be found. Sherd is a term referred to small fragments of broken pottery. During the Pre-Christian era, highly-fired ceramic wares were evident in China. Ceramic technology in the mainland was very advanced and kaolin, very fine clay that can be fired to high temperatures, was the contributory factor. Kilns in China became known for their ability to produce temperatures well-above 1300 °. Ceramics from China were deemed to be of superior quality and thus were preferred over low-fired ceramics from other lands. H. Otley Beyer mentioned the recovery of three-colored ceramic shards from Tang Dynasty in the Philippines that verified the early trade networks of the early Filipinos with Mainland Asia. According to text, the discovered shards were systematically excavated from sites giving way to a large drawback on the presence of Tang Dynasty ceramics. However, in the 1980s, a site in Laurel near the edge of Taal Lake in Batangas was excavated and shards of of polychrome glazed jars were recovered. Polychrome glaze, obtained by using coloring agents such as copper, iron, manganese, and cobalt, was a product of Tang Dynasty. VIII. PHILIPPINE POTTERY AT PRESENT With the development of technology, modern ways on how to do pottery have been developed. Pottery equipment machines have been invented to make pottery for industrial purposes. Nevertheless, the art of pottery still struggles to live and strives to remain as a priceless piece of folk art. In places across the country, the art of making pottery in the primordial way still lives on. In the province of Antique, potters of Barangay Bari in Sibalom still adapt the traditional process of pottery. The potters, known  as â€Å"manugdihon kang kuron†, have been famous for making good quality and durable pottery. Likewise, in an area in Vigan, Ilocos Sur known as Pagburnayan, traditional pottery methods are also practiced by workers. Pottery is one of the most primordial arts that helped developed our culture. Preserving the traditional way of making pottery and keeping artifacts intact will also help in preserving Philippine tradition and culture that will benefit the future generations. REFERENCES Fox, Robert B., â€Å"The Calatagan Excavations: two 15th Century Burial Sites in Batangas, Philippines†, Philippine Studies, Vol. 7, Manila, Philippines; 1959 Valdes, Cynthia O.,â€Å"Pang-alay: Ritual Pottery in Ancient Philippines†, Makati City; 2003 Orton, Clive; Tyers, Paul and Vince, Alan, Pottery inArchaeology, Cambridge manuals in Archaeology; 1993 Ronquillo, Wilfredo P., Philippine Earthenware Pottery: An Overview â€Å"Pottery dating back to the Metal Age found in Cebu town†, Cebu Daily News; 05April2011 Callister, William D. and Rethwisch, David G., Materials Science and Engineering, 8th Edition, John Wiley & Sons; 2011 Eusebio Zamora Dizon, â€Å"An Iron Age in the Philippines? A critical examination† (January 1, 1988). Solheim, Wilhelm II G., â€Å"Further Notes on the Kalanay Pottery Complex in the Philippine Islands† Peralta, Jesus T. and De Santos, Arturo, Kayamanan: Pottery and Ceramics from the Arturo de Santos Collection, Central Bank of the Philippines; 1908 Magbanua, Richard. Traditional Pottery Making in Antique Philippines.

Here's a Wise investment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Here's a Wise investment - Essay Example Many experts added that they would go out of their way to help such needy students, as they add to the campuses and are very rare. College days are exciting in August and September when students sign up for courses. The trouble comes in spring, at the end of 1st or 2nd year when their scholarships expire. Parents can’t afford to pay tuition bills. Some say that parents didn’t save enough, some say they chose expensive four-year schools when community colleges were just as good, while others say that they didn’t do enough of research. The real problem is people don’t know how to go about scholarships, loans, grants, etc. And that readily available money is left untouched. Mathews also states that several illegal immigrants work their way out through college. There are students who deny themselves little luxuries such as movies and restaurant meals so that they can save for their education. Unfortunately, research shows that they earn less and are more likel y to drop out. Today, getting into a college and earning a degree is a monetary issue. Several students with a will to study don’t have a way to pay for it. So to help them, we have to invest more money in those students. But, where will all those funds come from? How could we help the young people to complete college, the ones who are going to be paying for our Social Security and Medicare. Well, there are many possible ways in which we could help the young students to complete their education. The first and foremost is to educate them about the following means of availability of funds. Scholarships are the chief form of monetary aid available to students who

Auditing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Auditing - Essay Example 9). He has the right to use such information for completing his duties rather than using it for its own purpose. However, any information used by him should first be approved by the concerned parties. It is necessary to maintain and follow professional standards while carrying out these kinds of duties. (ii) In this case, there is a breach of duty, which can be seen when Wendy performs the duty of a company secretary. As an engagement partner of the firm, Wendy has the responsibility of decision-making on significant auditing and accounting functions. The task of an engagement partner is complex and performing the company’s secretarial duties for even a little while will cause distractions in her duties and she would not be able to fulfill these duties effectively. â€Å"Generally, employees should not perform duties outside their job description† (Business Management: Internal Controls for Small Business, 2008, pg.23). It is evident that Wendy is responsible for perfor ming the accounting duties only. So in order to solve this issue, the auditor must provide suggestions to the top level management for the appointment of a new employee who would carry out the duties of the company secretary. ... 17) refers to the risk that arises in the methods adopted by the auditor to decrease audit risk. Whereas, material misstatement risk refers to the risk that occur when financial records are materially misstated prior to audit. It involves â€Å"inherent and control risk† (Christopher, 2012, slide. 17). In the first case, the company faces cost cutting and margin falling issues. â€Å"Cost cutting and pricing pressures are key risks to the business agenda† (Turn Risk and Opportunities into results 2013 The CFO Perspective- at a Glance, n.d, para. 3). Stress to cutting the costs comes not only from internal forces that function to protect margins but also from outside sources. The company pursues cost cutting plans and they expect rising competence from their partners and suppliers. In this situation, the company faces inherent risk in doing the business as nobody is aware of the occurrence of this risk.   (ii)   In the second situation, Getaway Pty Ltd faces the audi t risk in not carrying out the conservative business strategies effectively. The company faces inherent risk while reducing audit risk to a certain level. â€Å"The auditor will spend quite a bit of time at the early planning stages obtaining information to assess these risks so that â€Å"the engagement is performed in an effective manner† (Burke, n.d, pg. 1). The managers can make a decision, regarding business risks that occur due to poor information management, by determining if the time that they themselves and their assistants spend in gathering data is already available or not. Another method of measuring these risks is by observing performance data regularly and checking if reports are late or missing. 3. (a)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  For the successful

Persuasive Memo With Business Improvement Suggestions Essay

Persuasive Memo With Business Improvement Suggestions - Essay Example This is because the online customers will be able to access our products easily and raise views and questions at the same time. It is very unfortunate that the previous financial report shows that the company performance is not pleasing. This is because it reported a 10.3% decrease in return on investment. This shows that the profits are diminishing and an action to improve on the same is required. In order to solve this problem, I have come up with a proposal on creative ways. Persuade Cafe is a company with a good profile from its customers and the quality of its products. Also, the quality services offered to the customers are not questionable at all since their needs are met within a short time. This is clear from the survey done from 732 respondents where majority were content with our services and products. In addition, the survey shows that some customers do not know some of the products existing in Persuade Cafe like espresso drinks. Following the responses of the customers, I request the company to start advertising campaigns, improve on products and introduce new products in the market. The advertising campaigns will focus on prospective customers who are not aware of products and services offered. It will also educate the consumers on how to use the products in order to get the best result. Some of the customers are not aware on where they can obtain some of the company’s products. ... In another dimension, most of the products will be purchased due to the presence of free samples. In order to market the products widely, there is need to use media group like television, radios and newspapers. Introduction of new products in the market is another suggestion that will increase the returns. New types of coffee, tea, bakery and soft drinks will not only increase sales, but also create a competitive advantage to the company (Ober, 2007). The company will be in a position to compete with its competitors like Starbacks who also deal with almost the same products. The survey shows that there are complains on the quality of the products and services. Pastry is one product that many consumers are complaining about. Also, bakery items and espresso drinks are of low quality, which can lead to loss of customers due to lack of satisfaction. This was the main reason why the head of business development, Christopher, was disappointed by the customer survey results. In order to cat er for all consumers, I suggest Persuade Cafe to rebrand its products into small and big quantities. Since customers have different tastes and preferences, it is important to have the goods in different packages and colors. This will increase returns in the short run as well as in the long run and also attract fair competition. Having in mind that the economy is not performing well and the status of the company, this project costs a substantive amount of money, but you are assured of immediate return. Advertising, rebranding and packaging costs are all variable to the company hence easy to meet. Advertising campaigns and rebranding will enable the company maintain its current customers and attracting others. Quality products and services give the

The Third Cinema Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

The Third Cinema - Essay Example The Third Cinema It was a reaction against making films the objects of commerce than art. It was a reaction to big commercial internationalism influencing the national cinemas. It was a movement against the cultural and political hegemony of the American commercial cinema over the subjugated under developed economies. Historically it was the continuation of a resistance to the dominance of the Hollywood’s commercialization of cinema and its duplication of products called national cinema in underdeveloped countries. Cinema is an art that developed from man’s incorrigible wish to record the movement and the moving objects, as it was the moving objects that interested him and not static ones. So the first film show, the Lumier Show was just a shot of a train coming into the railway platform. The viewers were not sure whether what they were seeing on the screen was real or myth. They were afraid that the train would come forward towards them and hence many were reported to have sat back on their chairs scared. This make-belief quality is the charm of cinema. On one side cinema is documenting reality, the reality of the train coming to the platform, here in the Lumier show. On the other hand cinema is making the viewer believe that the train coming towards him is real, making the unreal look real. These two qualities of Cinema led to the division of cinema into documentaries and feature films. (According to Ingmar Bergman â€Å"When film is not a document it is a dream†Ã¢â‚¬â€The Magic Lantern Page73).