Mission Command Analysis Essay - 2566 Words

MISSION COMMAND ANALYSIS: COLONEL JOSHUA CHAMBERLAIN AT THE BATTLE OF LITTLE ROUND TOP In late June 1863, Confederate General Robert E. Lee’s Army of Northern Virginia passed through western Maryland and invaded Pennsylvania. General Lee believed that by invading the North, he could draw the Union Army of the Potomac away from their defenses and force them to come after him. He also assumed the people of the North would be so demoralized if the Union were to lose another major battle, especially if it was fought on Northern soil, that President Abraham Lincoln would be forced to negotiate a settlement of the Civil War. On 01 July 1863, then Colonel Joshua Chamberlain, and his 20th Maine received word to begin movement to†¦show more content†¦COL Chamberlain continued to improve his understanding of the situation throughout the battle. He understood that he had to trust his men and rely on his experiences, along with his critical and creative thinking, to devise a plan to hold the Unions far left flank on Little Round Top and defeat the Confedera tes. As commanders understand the operational environment and the problem, they can begin visualizing the desired end state and solutions to solving the problem.6 After noticing that Confederate artillery fire had slackened, COL Chamberlain’s experience told him that Confederate troops were coming and quickly began to envision an operational approach that would achieve his desired end state to hold his position on the far left of Little Round Top. Through his critical and creative thinking, COL Chamberlain showed a skill common within good tactical leaders. He mentally visualized possible countermoves against imagined threats to his unit. While analyzing the terrain he could see that the 83rd Pennsylvania was forming on his right but there was nothing at all on his left. COL Chamberlain could see a dark bulk of a larger hill to the left of his men and determined that if the Confederates got an artillery battery on its crest the Confederates could take Little Round Top and subsequently drive off the Union Army. Visualizing how this could affect his desired end state, COL Chamberlain decided that he would send a company to the 20th Maine’sShow MoreRelatedGallipoli Mission Command Analysis1351 Words   |  6 PagesMission Command: Anzac Cove Landing The Battle of Gallipoli, or the Gallipoli Campaign, was fought during the First World War. It is known by either name because the Battle of Gallipoli featured many different battles and phases that comprised the entirety of the campaign. This engagement began on February 17, 1915 and ended on January 9, 1916. The Allied forces were tasked with attempting to secure the strait. 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Examine Some of the Reasons Why Females Commit Less Crimes Than Males. Free Essays

Examine some of the reasons why females may be less likely than males to commit crimes. Women in general seem to have a lower rate of offending than men. Some sociologists take the view that it is social factors rather than biological factors that cause the gender differences in offending. We will write a custom essay sample on Examine Some of the Reasons Why Females Commit Less Crimes Than Males. or any similar topic only for you Order Now Sociologists have put forward three main explanations of gender differences in crime, which are the sex role theory, the control theory and the liberation thesis. The sex role theory and the control theory both give us explanations for why females are less likely than males to commit crimes, however the Liberation thesis argues this, and suggests there are no gender differences between male and female crime rates. Gender differences in crime began by focussing on differences in the socialisation of males and females. Boys are encouraged to be tough, aggressive and risk taking. This means they are more disposed to commit acts of violence and take advantage of criminal opportunities when they present themselves to them. Parson’s traced down differences in crime and deviance to the gender roles in nuclear families. Whilst men take the instrumental role of a breadwinner, women perform the expressive role in the home where they take the main responsibility to socialise the children. As girls have access to an adult role model and boys to not it means that, boys are likely to reject feminine models of behaviour that express tenderness, gentleness and emotion and distance themselves by engaging in ‘compensatory compulsory masculinity’ through aggression and anti-social behaviour that lead to acts of delinquency more than women. Furthermore, new right theorists argue that the absence of male role models in matrifocal lone parent families leads to boys turning criminal. Also, men have much less of a socialising role than women in the conventional nuclear family; therefore socialisation for boys is much more difficult compared to girls. Cohen argued that this relative lack of an adult male role model meant boys are more likely to turn to all male street gangs as a source of masculine identity. In these subcultural groups, status is earned by acts of toughness, risk taking and delinquency. However, this sex role theory is criticized by Sandra Walklate for its biological assumptions. Walklate argues that Parson’s assumption is that because women have the biological capacity to bear children, they are best suited to the expressive role. Furthermore, it is argued mainly by control theorists that women always conform to men and their role as a housewife. Heidensohn expanded on this control theorist view and suggested, due to women being a part of a patriarchal society it reduces their opportunity to offend as the nuclear family lifestyle at home acts as a prison to them. He further notes that men are able to impose this control upon women through domestic violence and by controlling their finances it limits their activities. Daughters are also subject to patriarchal control. Girls are less likely to be allowed to come and go as they please or to stay out late. As a result they develop a ‘bedroom culture’ socialising at home with friends rather than in public places, they are also required to do more housework than boys. As a result they have less opportunity to take part in deviant activities. Conversely, what Heidensohn doesn’t take on board is that modern relationships nowadays are much more equal and as the liberation theory argues, women have many opportunities outside the home and there has been a large increase in independence for women. On the other hand, the liberation thesis debates that if society becomes less patriarchal and more equal then women’s crime rates will become similar to men’s. Put forward by Adler, she suggests that as women become liberated from patriarchy their crimes will become as frequent and as serious as men’s. Women’s liberation has led to a new type of female criminal and a rise in the female crime rate. The changes in the structure of society according to Adler have led to changes in women’s offending behaviour. As patriarchal controls and discrimination have lessened, and opportunities in work and work have become more equal, women have begun to adopt traditionally ‘male’ roles in both legitimate activity(work) and illegitimate activity (crime). As a result, women no longer commit traditional ‘female’ crimes such as shoplifting and prostitution. They now also commit typically ‘male’ offences such as crimes of violence and white collar crimes. This is because of women’s greater self -confidence and assertiveness, and the fact they now have greater opportunities in the legitimate structure. For example, there are more women in senior positions at work and this gives them the opportunity to commit serious white collar crimes such as fraud. To support her view, Adler argued that the pattern of female crime has shifted. She cited studies showing rising levels of female participation in crimes previously regarded as ‘male’ such as embezzlement and armed robbery. Nevertheless, many critics reject Adler’s liberation thesis by arguing, the female crime rate began rising in the 1950’s long before the women’s liberation movement, which emerged in the late 1960’s. Also that most female criminals are working class; they are least likely to be influenced by women’s liberation, which has benefited middle class women much more. According to Chesney- Lind in the USA poor and marginalised women are more likely to be criminals compared to liberated women. On the whole, it is arguable that females do commit fewer crimes than males simply due to their roles as housewives and the patriarchal society we live in today. Despite this, it is still considered through the liberation thesis that there are no gender differences with the rates of crimes between males and females. How to cite Examine Some of the Reasons Why Females Commit Less Crimes Than Males., Papers

Cell phone phreaking Essay Example For Students

Cell phone phreaking Essay Cellular Phreaking The cellular/mobile phone system is one that is perfectly set up to be exploited by phreaks with the proper knowledge and equipment. Thanks to deregulation, the regional BOCs (Bell Operating Companies) are scattered and do not communicate much with each other. Phreaks can take advantage of this by pretending to be mobile phone customers whose home base is a city served by a different BOC, known as a roamer. Since it is impractical for each BOC to keep track of the customers of all the other BOCs, they will usually allow the customer to make the calls he wishes, often with a surcharge of some sort. The bill is then forwarded to the roamers home BOC for collection. However, it is fairly simple (with the correct tools) to create a bogus ID number for your mobile phone, and pretend to be a roamer from some other city and state, thats just visiting. When your BOC tries to collect for the calls from your alleged home BOC, they will discover you are not a real customer; but by then, you can create an entirely new electronic identity, and use that instead. How does the cellular system know who is calling, and where they are? When a mobile phone enters a cells area of transmission, it transmits its phone number and its 8 digit ID number to that cell, who will keep track of it until it gets far enough away that the sound quality is sufficiently diminished, and then the phone is handed off to the cell that the customer has walked or driven into. This process continues as long as the phone has power and is turned on. If the phone is turned off (or the car is), someone attempting to call the mobile phone will receive a recording along the lines of The mobile phone customer you have dialed has left the vehicle or driven out of the service area. When a call is made to a mobile phone, the switching equipment will check to see if the mobile phone being called is logged in, so to speak, or present in one of the cells. If it is, the call will then act (to the speaking parties) just like a normal call the caller may hear a busy tone, the phone may just ring, or the call may be answered. How does the switching equipment know whether or not a particular phone is authorized to use the network? Many times, it doesnt. When a dealer installs a mobile phone, he gives the phones ID number (an 8 digit hexadecimal number) to the local BOC, as well as the phone number the BOC assigned to the customer. Thereafter, whenever a phone is present in one of the cells, the two numbers are checked they should be registered to the same person. If they dont match, the telco knows that an attempted fraud is taking place (or at best, some transmission error) and will not allow calls to be placed or received at that phone. However, it is impractical (especially given the present state of deregulation) for the telco to have records of every cellular customer of every BOC. Therefore, if youre going to create a fake ID/phone number combination, it will need to be based in an area that has a cellular system (obviously), has a different BOC than your local area does, and has some sort of a roamer agreement with your local BOC. How can one phreak a cellular phone? There are three general areas when phreaking cellular phones; using one you found in an unlocked car (or an unattended walk-about model), modifying your own chip set to look like a different phone, or recording the phone number/ID number combinations sent by other local cellular phones, and using those as your own. Most cellular phones include a crude password system to keep unauthorized users from using the phone however, dealers often set the password (usually a 3 to 5 digit code) to the last four digits of the customers mobile phone number. If you can find that somewhere on the phone, youre in luck. If not, it shouldnt be TOO hard to hack, since most people arent smart enough to use something besides 1111, 1234, or whatever. .u2af4e3331116c23caa75cc99dbb2a596 , .u2af4e3331116c23caa75cc99dbb2a596 .postImageUrl , .u2af4e3331116c23caa75cc99dbb2a596 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u2af4e3331116c23caa75cc99dbb2a596 , .u2af4e3331116c23caa75cc99dbb2a596:hover , .u2af4e3331116c23caa75cc99dbb2a596:visited , .u2af4e3331116c23caa75cc99dbb2a596:active { border:0!important; } .u2af4e3331116c23caa75cc99dbb2a596 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u2af4e3331116c23caa75cc99dbb2a596 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u2af4e3331116c23caa75cc99dbb2a596:active , .u2af4e3331116c23caa75cc99dbb2a596:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u2af4e3331116c23caa75cc99dbb2a596 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u2af4e3331116c23caa75cc99dbb2a596 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u2af4e3331116c23caa75cc99dbb2a596 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u2af4e3331116c23caa75cc99dbb2a596 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u2af4e3331116c23caa75cc99dbb2a596:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u2af4e3331116c23caa75cc99dbb2a596 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u2af4e3331116c23caa75cc99dbb2a596 .u2af4e3331116c23caa75cc99dbb2a596-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u2af4e3331116c23caa75cc99dbb2a596:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Natalie : What Discourse Community Are You Apart Of? Essay If you want to modify the chip set in a cellular phone you bought (or stole), there are two chips (of course, this depends on the model and manufacturer, yours may be different) that will need to be changed one installed at the manufacturer (often epoxied in) with the phones ID number, and one installed by the dealer with the phone number, and possible the security code. To do this, youll obviously need an EPROM burner as well as the same sort of chips used in the phone (or a friendly and unscrupulous dealer!). As to recording the numbers of other mobile phone customers and using them; as far as I know, this is ju st theory.. . but it seems quite possible, if youve got the equipment to record and decode it. The cellular system would probably freak out if two phones (with valid ID/phone number combinations) were both present in the network at once, but it remains to be seen what will happen. Bibliography: